{"id":11498,"date":"2021-11-28T06:57:20","date_gmt":"2021-11-28T06:57:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/?p=11498"},"modified":"2021-11-28T06:57:20","modified_gmt":"2021-11-28T06:57:20","slug":"inclusions-in-aluminum-alloys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/es\/inclusions-in-aluminum-alloys\/","title":{"rendered":"Inclusiones en aleaciones de aluminio"},"content":{"rendered":"

Las aleaciones de aluminio se caracterizan por su bajo peso espec\u00edfico, su bajo punto de fusi\u00f3n, una solubilidad de gases insignificante \u2014a excepci\u00f3n del hidr\u00f3geno\u2014, una excelente fluidez, una buena maquinabilidad y una buena resistencia a la corrosi\u00f3n. Las piezas de fundici\u00f3n de calidad superior son un requisito esencial para los componentes estructurales cr\u00edticos utilizados en las industrias automovil\u00edstica y aeroespacial. La producci\u00f3n de este tipo de piezas moldeadas requiere que las inclusiones y la porosidad en las aleaciones de aluminio se reduzcan al m\u00ednimo (o incluso se eliminen) con el fin de eliminar su influencia perjudicial sobre las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas, de modo que estas propiedades queden determinadas principalmente por la microestructura de las piezas moldeadas.<\/p>\n

La presencia de inclusiones no met\u00e1licas duras en las aleaciones de aluminio no solo puede deteriorar las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas del producto final, sino que tambi\u00e9n puede provocar otros problemas de procesamiento en la fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n, entre los que se incluyen:<\/p>\n

Reducci\u00f3n de las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas de la pieza fundida
\nLa resistencia a la tracci\u00f3n y el alargamiento se reducen significativamente a medida que aumenta el contenido de inclusiones. El metal puro, en general, se caracteriza por unas elevadas propiedades de tracci\u00f3n (l\u00edmite el\u00e1stico, resistencia m\u00e1xima a la tracci\u00f3n y porcentaje de alargamiento).<\/p>\n

Dificultad para mecanizarlo y elevado desgaste de las herramientas
\nAlgunas de las inclusiones que suelen aparecer en la pieza fundida son part\u00edculas cer\u00e1micas fr\u00e1giles y extremadamente duras. La dureza de ciertas inclusiones puede medirse en la escala de Mohs, en la que el diamante tiene un valor de 10. Cuando la aleaci\u00f3n fundida se limpia mediante filtraci\u00f3n antes de la fundici\u00f3n, la maquinabilidad mejora de forma bastante significativa.<\/p>\n

P\u00e9rdida de fluidez y de propiedades nutritivas
\nLas inclusiones en el metal fundido provocan una disminuci\u00f3n de la fluidez. La producci\u00f3n de metal fundido limpio mediante filtraci\u00f3n mediante filtro de espuma cer\u00e1mica<\/a> puede aumentar considerablemente la fluidez, hasta 30% a temperaturas normales de funcionamiento.<\/p>\n

Mayor porosidad de los gases
\nEl nivel de hidr\u00f3geno disuelto en las fundiciones de aleaciones de aluminio es el principal factor responsable de la formaci\u00f3n de porosidad gaseosa durante la solidificaci\u00f3n. El l\u00edmite de solubilidad del hidr\u00f3geno en el aluminio fundido es elevado, pero disminuye dr\u00e1sticamente a medida que el metal se solidifica, lo que da lugar a la formaci\u00f3n de porosidad gaseosa. La porosidad gaseosa tras la solidificaci\u00f3n depende no solo del contenido de hidr\u00f3geno del metal fundido, sino tambi\u00e9n de la pureza del metal. Los \u00f3xidos act\u00faan como sitios de nucleaci\u00f3n de poros y los hidruros se descomponen al enfriarse, produciendo hidr\u00f3geno disuelto.<\/p>\n

Mala calidad de la superficie y falta de estanqueidad
\nLos defectos en los productos de aluminio, como los poros en las chapas finas y las rayas de cuchilla en las planchas litogr\u00e1ficas, suelen estar causados por inclusiones. Las inclusiones, cuyo di\u00e1metro efectivo oscila entre 10 y 20 m, pueden resultar perjudiciales en los productos de aluminio laminado, incluso en concentraciones de unas pocas partes por mill\u00f3n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aluminum alloys are characterized by their low specific weight, low melting point, negligible gas solubility with the exception of hydrogen, excellent flowability, good machinability and…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11499,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[233],"tags":[7325,12984],"class_list":["post-11498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-ceramic-foam-filter-filtration","tag-inclusions-in-aluminum-alloys"],"yoast_head":"\nInclusions in Aluminum Alloys, Ceramic Foam Filter Filtration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The presence of hard non-metallic inclusions in aluminum alloys can not only degrade the mechanical properties of the final product,.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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