{"id":3577,"date":"2020-08-11T07:19:30","date_gmt":"2020-08-11T07:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/?p=3577"},"modified":"2020-12-28T03:26:27","modified_gmt":"2020-12-28T03:26:27","slug":"inert-gas-refining","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/fr\/inert-gas-refining\/","title":{"rendered":"Raffinage sous gaz inerte"},"content":{"rendered":"

L'affinage par gaz inerte consiste \u00e0 injecter en continu des bulles de gaz inerte dans la masse fondue, afin d'extraire les inclusions oxyd\u00e9es et l'hydrog\u00e8ne de la surface du liquide pendant que les bulles remontent \u00e0 la surface. L'injection de gaz inerte dans la masse fondue permet d'\u00e9liminer les scories, car les bulles de gaz inerte inject\u00e9es absorbent les inclusions oxyd\u00e9es pr\u00e9sentes dans la masse fondue et les extraient de la surface du liquide au cours du processus de remont\u00e9e. Cette m\u00e9thode est ce qu\u2019on appelle la m\u00e9thode de d\u00e9sscorification par flottation. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que la bulle de gaz inerte adsorbe les inclusions oxyd\u00e9es pr\u00e9sentes dans le bain fondu, elle peut r\u00e9duire l\u2019\u00e9nergie libre superficielle totale du syst\u00e8me, ce qui permet \u00e0 cette adsorption de se produire automatiquement. Plus la tension superficielle entre le gaz inerte et les inclusions est faible, et plus la tension superficielle entre le bain fondu et le gaz inerte ainsi que la tension interfaciale entre le bain fondu et les inclusions sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es, plus la capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9scorillage du gaz inerte est importante.<\/p>\n

Lorsqu'on utilise un gaz inerte pour le raffinage, le flux de raffinage<\/a> doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9parties uniform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la surface du liquide. En effet, une fois que les bulles de gaz inerte ont fait remonter les inclusions \u00e0 la surface du liquide, s\u2019il y a \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 une couche de fondant \u00e0 la surface du liquide, les inclusions vont p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans le fondant et se transformer en scories, qui sont faciles \u00e0 retirer. Sinon, les inclusions ayant une densit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e retomberont dans l\u2019aluminium fondu, tandis que celles ayant une densit\u00e9 plus faible formeront une \u00e9cume \u00e0 la surface du liquide, difficile \u00e0 s\u00e9parer de l\u2019aluminium fondu. Lorsque ces \u00e9cumes sont retir\u00e9es, une grande quantit\u00e9 de m\u00e9tal fondu est emport\u00e9e, ce qui entra\u00eene une perte importante de m\u00e9tal.<\/p>\n

L'injection d'un gaz inerte dans la masse fondue permet de la d\u00e9gazer, car la bulle de gaz inerte inject\u00e9e dans la masse fondue ne contient pas d'hydrog\u00e8ne et sa pression partielle d'hydrog\u00e8ne est nulle, tandis que la pression partielle d'hydrog\u00e8ne dans la masse fondue \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de la bulle est bien sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 z\u00e9ro ; il existe donc une diff\u00e9rence de pression partielle d'hydrog\u00e8ne entre l'int\u00e9rieur et l'ext\u00e9rieur de la bulle. Sous l\u2019effet de cette diff\u00e9rence de pression partielle, les atomes d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne pr\u00e9sents dans la masse fondue se diffusent vers l\u2019interface de la bulle et se recombinent en mol\u00e9cules \u00e0 cette interface pour p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans la bulle. Ce processus ne s\u2019arr\u00eate que lorsque la pression partielle d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de la bulle s\u2019\u00e9quilibre. L\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne qui p\u00e9n\u00e8tre dans les bulles s\u2019\u00e9chappe dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re lorsque celles-ci remontent \u00e0 la surface. De plus, pendant la remont\u00e9e des bulles, les minuscules bulles d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne mol\u00e9culaire en suspension dans la masse fondue ainsi que le gaz pr\u00e9sent dans les inclusions peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre entra\u00een\u00e9s hors de la surface du liquide par flottation, ce qui permet d\u2019atteindre l\u2019objectif de d\u00e9gazage.<\/p>\n

\"D\u00e9gazage<\/p>\n

Facteurs influant sur le raffinage des gaz inertes<\/h2>\n

1) La nature des gaz inertes<\/strong>. La densit\u00e9, la viscosit\u00e9, la mouillabilit\u00e9 et la capacit\u00e9 thermique du gaz inerte ont une influence sur l'effet d'affinage. Plus la densit\u00e9 et la viscosit\u00e9 du gaz sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es, plus la vitesse de flottement dans la masse fondue est faible et plus le temps de s\u00e9jour est long, ce qui contribue \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l\u2019effet d\u2019affinage ; cependant, plus la densit\u00e9 du gaz est faible, plus le volume de gaz par unit\u00e9 de masse est important. Plus la surface de contact est grande, plus cela contribue \u00e9galement \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l\u2019effet d\u2019affinage. Des exp\u00e9riences ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que le facteur d\u00e9terminant dans le processus de d\u00e9gazage n\u2019est pas la qualit\u00e9 du gaz de raffinage, mais son volume et son degr\u00e9 de dispersion dans la masse fondue. Plus le gaz pr\u00e9sente une bonne capacit\u00e9 de mouillage vis-\u00e0-vis des inclusions, plus sa capacit\u00e9 de flottation est \u00e9lev\u00e9e. La capacit\u00e9 thermique influe sur l\u2019effet de raffinage en agissant sur la temp\u00e9rature de la masse fondue.<\/p>\n

2) La puret\u00e9 du gaz inerte<\/strong>. La puret\u00e9 du gaz inerte fait principalement r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la teneur en oxyg\u00e8ne et en humidit\u00e9 de ce gaz. Plus la teneur en oxyg\u00e8ne et en eau du gaz inerte est \u00e9lev\u00e9e, moins l\u2019effet d\u2019affinage est satisfaisant. En effet, l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne et la vapeur d\u2019eau p\u00e9n\u00e9trant dans la masse fondue avec le gaz d\u2019affinage r\u00e9agissent chimiquement avec celle-ci, formant un film d\u2019oxyde \u00e0 la surface de la bulle et augmentant la pression partielle d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de celle-ci. Cela retarde non seulement consid\u00e9rablement le processus de diffusion et d\u2019\u00e9limination de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, mais augmente \u00e9galement la teneur en inclusions oxyd\u00e9es dans la solution. Lorsque la teneur en humidit\u00e9 et en oxyg\u00e8ne du gaz inerte d\u00e9passe une certaine valeur, non seulement celui-ci ne peut plus jouer son r\u00f4le d\u2019affinage, mais il peut m\u00eame provoquer un processus d\u2019absorption d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne par la masse fondue, entra\u00eenant une pollution plus grave.<\/p>\n

3) La taille des bulles<\/strong>. Plus la taille des bulles est petite, plus l'effet de d\u00e9gazage est efficace. En effet, plus les bulles sont petites, plus elles sont nombreuses pour un m\u00eame volume de gaz, et plus leur surface est importante ; de plus, plus leur vitesse de flottement dans la masse d'aluminium en fusion est faible, plus le temps de contact avec la masse en fusion est long.<\/p>\n

4) L'uniformit\u00e9 du contact entre les bulles et la masse fondue<\/strong>. Plus le contact est complet et uniforme, meilleur est l'effet d'affinage. L'affinage par insufflation d'air reposant sur le d\u00e9gazage par diffusion due \u00e0 une diff\u00e9rence de pression partielle et sur l'\u00e9limination des scories par flottation, seule la zone en contact avec le gaz d'affinage peut produire un effet d'affinage. Afin d\u2019augmenter les chances de contact, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d\u2019utiliser un traitement combin\u00e9 associant l\u2019affinage par transfert en ligne, la filtration et l\u2019injection d\u2019air, de sorte que chaque partie de la masse fondue soit soumise \u00e0 l\u2019affinage. Dans le cas d\u2019un affinage en four, le dispositif d\u2019affinage doit \u00eatre d\u00e9plac\u00e9 doucement le long du fond du four afin d\u2019\u00e9viter les zones mortes.<\/p>\n

5) Autres param\u00e8tres du proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de raffinage<\/strong>. L'ajustement des param\u00e8tres du processus d'affinage, tels que la dur\u00e9e de soufflage, la pression de soufflage, la temp\u00e9rature de soufflage et le temps de repos de la masse fondue apr\u00e8s affinage, a des effets \u00e9vidents sur l'efficacit\u00e9 de l'affinage de la masse fondue.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Inert gas refining is to continuously blow inert bubbles into the melt, and bring the oxidized inclusions and hydrogen out of the liquid surface while…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[233],"tags":[4366,4363,4320,4308,4309,4316,4305,4311,231,4306,4319,1762,4348,1485,116,4310,4302,4351,4303,4312,1754,4350,4349,4347,4314,4315,4317,4322,1770,1767,4365,4313,1771,4304,4301,4321,4307,4318,834,1980,1772,4362,4364],"class_list":["post-3577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-aluminium-and-nitrogen","tag-aluminium-flux-powder","tag-aluminium-hydrogen","tag-aluminum-and-nitrogen","tag-aluminum-hydrogen","tag-aluminum-porosity","tag-deaerator","tag-deaerator-price","tag-define-degassing","tag-degasser","tag-degasser-meaning","tag-degassing-aluminum-casting","tag-degassing-aluminum-with-nitrogen","tag-degassing-equipment","tag-degassing-in-casting","tag-degassing-meaning","tag-degassing-molten-aluminum","tag-degassing-molten-aluminum-with-nitrogen","tag-degassing-of-aluminium-alloys","tag-degassing-of-aluminum","tag-degassing-process-in-aluminium","tag-degassing-solutions-with-nitrogen","tag-degassing-with-liquid-nitrogen","tag-degassing-with-nitrogen","tag-die-casting-aluminum-radiator","tag-graphite-rotor","tag-how-degasser-works","tag-how-does-a-degasser-work","tag-how-to-degas-aluminum","tag-hydrogen-degassing","tag-hydrogen-melting","tag-metal-degassing","tag-methods-of-degassing-in-foundry","tag-mobile-degassing-unit","tag-nitrogen-degassing-aluminum","tag-pouring-temperature-of-aluminum","tag-purification-of-aluminium","tag-reduced-pressure-test-aluminum","tag-rotary-degasser","tag-rotary-degassing-aluminum","tag-rotary-degassing-unit","tag-stay-clean-aluminum-flux","tag-what-is-flux-melting"],"yoast_head":"\nInert 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