{"id":7300,"date":"2020-12-30T03:07:54","date_gmt":"2020-12-30T03:07:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/?p=7300"},"modified":"2026-09-28T09:13:40","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T09:13:40","slug":"degassing-of-molten-aluminum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/tr\/degassing-of-molten-aluminum\/","title":{"rendered":"Erimi\u015f al\u00fcminyumun gazdan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Degassing molten aluminium is a melt-treatment process used primarily to remove dissolved hydrogen before casting. Hydrogen is readily soluble in liquid aluminium but its solubility falls sharply as the metal solidifies. If the melt contains excessive hydrogen, the rejected gas can form porosity inside billets, slabs, ingots, and cast components. Rotary inert-gas degassing is widely used for continuous hydrogen removal, while flux-based treatment remains applicable in specific furnace and melt-treatment operations.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_99236\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-99236\" style=\"width: 1536px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-99236\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/degassing-of-molten-aluminum.png\" alt=\"erimi\u015f al\u00fcminyumun gazdan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/degassing-of-molten-aluminum.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/degassing-of-molten-aluminum-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/degassing-of-molten-aluminum-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/degassing-of-molten-aluminum-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-99236\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">erimi\u015f al\u00fcminyumun gazdan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Why Does Molten Aluminium Need to Be Degassed?<\/h2>\n<p>Hydrogen is the main gas of concern in molten aluminium because it can dissolve into the liquid metal but has very limited solubility in solid aluminium.<\/p>\n<p>At temperatures around the aluminium melting point, liquid aluminium can contain considerably more dissolved hydrogen than solid aluminium. During solidification, the solubility drops sharply. Hydrogen that can no longer remain dissolved must either diffuse out of the melt or form gas pores within the solidifying metal.<\/p>\n<p>This is why hydrogen control is closely associated with <strong>aluminium casting porosity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Durum<\/th>\n<th>Hydrogen behavior<\/th>\n<th>Potential result<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Liquid aluminium<\/td>\n<td>Relatively high hydrogen solubility<\/td>\n<td>Hydrogen can accumulate in the melt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>During solidification<\/td>\n<td>Hydrogen solubility decreases rapidly<\/td>\n<td>Excess hydrogen is rejected from the liquid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Poor hydrogen removal<\/td>\n<td>Hydrogen remains available during solidification<\/td>\n<td>Internal gas porosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Effective degassing<\/td>\n<td>Dissolved hydrogen is reduced before casting<\/td>\n<td>Lower risk of hydrogen-related porosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The actual porosity level depends on more than hydrogen concentration alone. Alloy composition, cooling rate, solidification range, oxide films, metal cleanliness, and local feeding conditions can all affect how and where pores develop.<\/p>\n<h2>How Does Hydrogen Enter Molten Aluminium?<\/h2>\n<p>Hydrogen usually enters molten aluminium through reactions involving moisture.<\/p>\n<p>Water vapour can react with molten aluminium at the metal surface, producing hydrogen that subsequently dissolves into the melt. Moist furnace tools, wet charge material, humid refractories, and poorly controlled additions can therefore increase hydrogen pickup.<\/p>\n<p>The relationship can be summarized as:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Moisture \u2192 hydrogen generation \u2192 hydrogen dissolution \u2192 solidification \u2192 potential porosity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is why degassing should not be treated as a substitute for basic melt handling. Keeping charge materials, tools, fluxes, and refractory surfaces dry is an important part of hydrogen control.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Hydrogen source<\/th>\n<th>How hydrogen enters the melt<\/th>\n<th>Control measure<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Moist charge material<\/td>\n<td>Moisture reacts at the molten-metal surface<\/td>\n<td>Keep charge clean and dry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Wet tools or equipment<\/td>\n<td>Water vapor contacts hot metal<\/td>\n<td>Preheat and dry tools properly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>F\u0131r\u0131n ortam\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Moisture can contribute to hydrogen pickup<\/td>\n<td>Control furnace conditions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flux or additions<\/td>\n<td>Poorly stored material may introduce moisture<\/td>\n<td>Store materials in dry conditions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Excessive turbulence<\/td>\n<td>Increases metal-atmosphere contact<\/td>\n<td>Minimize unnecessary agitation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>What Is Flux Degassing of Molten Aluminium?<\/h2>\n<p>Flux degassing uses a reactive flux, typically introduced into the molten aluminium as a powder or granular material. Depending on the formulation, fluxes may contain chloride- or fluoride-based salts and other components designed for specific melt-treatment functions.<\/p>\n<p>The flux reacts and generates gases within the melt. These gas bubbles provide a path for dissolved hydrogen to transfer out of the liquid metal. As the bubbles rise, they can also assist with the flotation and removal of some non-metallic inclusions.<\/p>\n<p>In traditional furnace treatment, granular or powdered flux may be introduced below the metal surface using a preheated perforated bell or another suitable injection method.<\/p>\n<p>aluminum degassing flux can be selected according to the alloy, furnace conditions, treatment temperature, and required melt-cleaning function.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_99237\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-99237\" style=\"width: 529px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-99237\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/granular-flux.png\" alt=\"gran\u00fcl ak\u0131\" width=\"529\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/granular-flux.png 800w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/granular-flux-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/granular-flux-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/granular-flux-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/granular-flux-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/granular-flux-120x120.png 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-99237\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">gran\u00fcl ak\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Flux degassing factor<\/th>\n<th>Why it matters<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Flux composition<\/td>\n<td>Determines the chemical reactions and treatment behavior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Addition rate<\/td>\n<td>Excessive flux can increase residue and dross-related problems<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dispersion in the melt<\/td>\n<td>Poor distribution reduces treatment effectiveness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Metal s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Influences reaction and melt-treatment behavior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tedavi s\u00fcresi<\/td>\n<td>Must be sufficient for the required gas-metal interaction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Skimming<\/td>\n<td>Removes dross and floated material after treatment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Flux treatment can be useful, but it requires controlled handling. The objective is not simply to create vigorous bubbling. The treatment must provide sufficient contact between the generated gas and the molten metal while avoiding unnecessary turbulence and excessive dross formation.<\/p>\n<h2>How Does Rotary Degassing Remove Hydrogen?<\/h2>\n<p>Rotary degassing introduces an inert gas, normally nitrogen or argon, into molten aluminium through a rotating shaft and rotor.<\/p>\n<p>The rotor breaks the injected gas into fine bubbles and distributes them throughout the melt. These small bubbles provide a large gas-metal interface. Because the hydrogen concentration in the injected gas is very low, dissolved hydrogen transfers from the molten aluminium into the bubbles. The bubbles then rise to the surface and carry the hydrogen out of the melt.<\/p>\n<p>The process can be represented as:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Inert gas injection \u2192 bubble dispersion \u2192 hydrogen diffusion into bubbles \u2192 bubble flotation \u2192 hydrogen removal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>rotary degassing technology is commonly used as part of a controlled aluminium melt-treatment system.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Rotary degassing parameter<\/th>\n<th>Effect on treatment<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Gaz ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Controls the amount of inert gas introduced<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rotor h\u0131z\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Influences bubble dispersion and melt circulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rotor design<\/td>\n<td>Affects bubble size and gas distribution<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tedavi s\u00fcresi<\/td>\n<td>Determines the duration of hydrogen removal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Metal s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Affects hydrogen behavior and melt viscosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rotor immersion depth<\/td>\n<td>Influences gas distribution within the bath<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The goal is to produce <strong>small, well-distributed bubbles<\/strong>, not simply to maximize gas flow. Excessive gas flow or rotor speed can create unnecessary surface turbulence, increase oxide formation, and potentially entrain oxide films back into the melt.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_99238\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-99238\" style=\"width: 2560px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-99238\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Degassing-equipment\u9996\u56fe-scaled.png\" alt=\"Gaz giderme ekipman\u0131\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Degassing-equipment\u9996\u56fe-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Degassing-equipment\u9996\u56fe-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Degassing-equipment\u9996\u56fe-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Degassing-equipment\u9996\u56fe-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Degassing-equipment\u9996\u56fe-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Degassing-equipment\u9996\u56fe-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Degassing-equipment\u9996\u56fe-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Degassing-equipment\u9996\u56fe-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/www.alalloycasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Degassing-equipment\u9996\u56fe-120x120.png 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-99238\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gaz giderme ekipman\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Is Nitrogen or Argon Better for Aluminium Degassing?<\/h2>\n<p>Both nitrogen and argon can be used as inert or relatively inert purge gases for aluminium melt treatment. The appropriate choice depends on the alloy, equipment design, treatment temperature, gas quality, and production requirements.<\/p>\n<p>Nitrogen is widely used because it is economical and readily available. Argon may be selected where a different gas environment or specific process requirements justify the additional cost.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Fakt\u00f6r<\/th>\n<th>Azot<\/th>\n<th>Argon<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Availability<\/td>\n<td>Generally high<\/td>\n<td>Generally high<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Operating cost<\/td>\n<td>Usually lower<\/td>\n<td>Usually higher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Use in aluminium degassing<\/td>\n<td>Widely used<\/td>\n<td>Widely used<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chemical reactivity<\/td>\n<td>Generally suitable for many aluminium applications<\/td>\n<td>Highly inert<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Selection priority<\/td>\n<td>Cost and process requirements<\/td>\n<td>Process requirements and gas availability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Gas purity also matters. Introducing moisture or contaminants through the purge-gas system can undermine the purpose of degassing.<\/p>\n<h2>Does Degassing Also Remove Non-Metallic Inclusions?<\/h2>\n<p>Degassing and filtration perform different primary functions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Degassing primarily targets dissolved hydrogen. Filtration primarily removes solid non-metallic inclusions.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>However, rotary degassing can contribute to inclusion removal because some inclusions can attach to or be transported by rising gas bubbles and subsequently accumulate in the surface dross. This flotation effect should not be treated as a replacement for dedicated filtration when high melt cleanliness is required.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Melt-treatment method<\/th>\n<th>Primary target<\/th>\n<th>Secondary effect<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u00f6ner gaz giderme<\/td>\n<td>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f hidrojen<\/td>\n<td>Some inclusion flotation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ak\u0131 i\u015fleme<\/td>\n<td>Hydrogen and melt cleaning, depending on flux<\/td>\n<td>Dross\/inclusion separation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Seramik k\u00f6p\u00fck filtreleme<\/td>\n<td>Metal olmayan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar<\/td>\n<td>Improves melt cleanliness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Skimming<\/td>\n<td>Surface dross<\/td>\n<td>Removes floated material<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Furnace holding control<\/td>\n<td>Hydrogen and oxidation prevention<\/td>\n<td>Stabilizes melt condition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For demanding casting applications, degassing and filtration are therefore often used as complementary processes rather than competing technologies.<\/p>\n<h2>When Should Molten Aluminium Be Degassed?<\/h2>\n<p>Degassing should normally take place sufficiently close to the casting operation to prevent significant reabsorption of hydrogen after treatment.<\/p>\n<p>The exact position depends on the plant layout and melt-treatment system. A typical process may include melting, alloy adjustment, furnace treatment, rotary degassing, filtration, and casting.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Melting furnace \u2192 alloy adjustment \u2192 holding furnace \u2192 rotary degassing \u2192 ceramic foam filtration \u2192 casting<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The arrangement can vary according to the production process. In an integrated aluminium casthouse, online degassing and filtration can provide more consistent treatment than relying entirely on batch treatment in a melting furnace.<\/p>\n<h2>How Can Degassing Efficiency Be Controlled?<\/h2>\n<p>Visual bubbling is not a reliable measure of degassing performance. A stable process should be evaluated using measurable melt-quality indicators, particularly hydrogen concentration before and after treatment.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Control point<\/th>\n<th>What should be monitored<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Before treatment<\/td>\n<td>Hydrogen level, melt temperature and alloy condition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>During degassing<\/td>\n<td>Gas flow, rotor speed, treatment time and immersion depth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>After degassing<\/td>\n<td>Hydrogen level and melt cleanliness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Before casting<\/td>\n<td>Temperature, hydrogen, inclusions and transfer conditions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>After casting<\/td>\n<td>Porosity, inclusions and product quality<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Hydrogen measurement is particularly useful because it allows the operator to determine whether the treatment is actually achieving the required melt condition instead of relying only on treatment time.<\/p>\n<p>A well-designed degassing process should also minimize unnecessary turbulence. The objective is controlled gas dispersion and efficient hydrogen transfer, followed by a calm enough melt surface to avoid re-oxidation and oxide-film entrainment.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is the Difference Between Degassing and Filtration?<\/h2>\n<p>These processes address different forms of contamination in molten aluminium.<\/p>\n<p>Degassing removes <strong>dissolved gas<\/strong>, principally hydrogen. Filtration removes <strong>solid inclusions<\/strong>, including oxide-related particles and other non-metallic material.<\/p>\n<p>Neither process should automatically be considered a substitute for the other.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Problem in molten aluminium<\/th>\n<th>Main treatment<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f hidrojen<\/td>\n<td>Gaz Giderme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oksit kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Ceramic foam filtration and melt cleaning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Surface dross<\/td>\n<td>Skimming<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Moisture pickup<\/td>\n<td>Better charge and equipment control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hydrogen plus inclusions<\/td>\n<td>Combined degassing and filtration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>This distinction becomes particularly important for billet, slab, and other semi-continuous casting operations where internal cleanliness can directly affect downstream rolling, extrusion, forging, and final product performance.<\/p>\n<h2>What Makes an Effective Aluminium Degassing Process?<\/h2>\n<p>Effective molten aluminium degassing is not determined by rotor speed or gas flow alone. It depends on the interaction between <strong>bubble size, gas dispersion, treatment time, melt temperature, rotor geometry, hydrogen concentration, and melt handling conditions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The most reliable approach is to control hydrogen at several stages:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prevent hydrogen pickup \u2192 measure the melt \u2192 degas effectively \u2192 remove inclusions \u2192 minimize recontamination \u2192 verify the final melt condition.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For aluminium producers, the practical objective is not simply to achieve strong bubbling during treatment. It is to deliver a stable, clean melt to the casting stage with controlled hydrogen and low inclusion levels.<\/p>\n<p>In this context, rotary degassing and ceramic foam filtration are complementary parts of aluminium melt treatment. Degassing addresses dissolved hydrogen, while filtration provides a physical barrier against non-metallic inclusions before the metal enters the casting system.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Degassing molten aluminium is a melt-treatment process used primarily to remove dissolved hydrogen before casting. Hydrogen is readily soluble in liquid aluminium but its solubility&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99238,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[233],"tags":[94,4488,4491,1755,4484,4490,659,1485,4486,4489,4481,4480,4482,4493,4487,95,1487,8303,31,4492,4485,4483],"class_list":["post-7300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-aluminium-degassing-machine","tag-aluminium-degassing-treatment","tag-aluminium-liquid-degasser","tag-aluminum-degassing-treatment","tag-degasser-machine-at-best-price","tag-degassing-and-purification-system","tag-degassing-box","tag-degassing-equipment","tag-degassing-machine-degassing","tag-degassing-system-for-aluminium","tag-dual-rotor-online-al-melt-degasser","tag-dual-rotors-degassing-machine","tag-dual-rotor-online-degasser","tag-flux-injection-rotary-degasser","tag-in-line-degassing-equipment","tag-metal-degassing-systems","tag-molten-aluminium-degassing-machine","tag-molten-aluminium-degassing-refining-machine","tag-molten-aluminum-refining-degassing","tag-online-degassing-unit","tag-rotary-degassing-and-fluxing-unit-for-aluminum-alloys","tag-spinning-rotor-degassing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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